Grape leaf louse

Grape leaf louse: Phyloxera Vastatrix or the Destroyer.
This louse, brought by English scientists, has destroyed the greater part of the viticulture in Europe between 1850 and 1900. It lives off the juice in the roots of the grape vine, causing the grape vine to die off.

The only remedy is to graft the grape to a stock coming from an American grape variety.
There are only a few places left in the world where there are non-grafted grapes left, like in Portugal, Australia, the Provence and the whole of Chili.